Question:
Who was the philosopher that believed...?
anonymous
2010-08-06 23:41:22 UTC
I'm trying to remember a certain philosopher. He was a well known one, but not as famous as Socrates, Aristotle, etc.

One of his main points was that agreed with and didn't realize I believed until he pointed it out was: people don't do nice things just out of the goodness of their hearts. Every action we make is for our own happiness. We may do things that inconvenience us for the better of others, but it's because we take pleasure in "being a good person" not because we just really want to help someone. It just makes us happy to know we did something "selfless".

Does anyone know which philosopher said something along these lines? I wanted to look him up. Thanks.
Four answers:
Tim
2010-08-06 23:52:59 UTC
That ethical philosophy is called "Egoism."



http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/egoism/



The most prominent philosopher associated with Egoism is Thomas Hobbes. He is sometimes called a "Rule Egoist," but he did not talk of the pleasure in "being a good person" that I know of. He talked more about the lack of human beneficence in the state of nature versus the co-adventitious state in society and the "social contract."



http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hobbes-moral/



There are really no other well known Philosophers in the Western tradition who fit your description. There are several lesser known moral philosophers who discussed Egoism, such as Sidgwick.

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sidgwick/
Clay C
2010-08-07 08:58:55 UTC
It is always kind of sad to hear that philosophy. It has been used so often as a justification for greed, especially by people like Ayn Rand who believed that greed is the greatest virtue.



Just a little bit of reflection on this shows how simplistic the idea is. Why do people jump to the aid of complete strangers when it puts their own life in danger? When you weigh the good feeling you get from helping someone against the thought of potential death that might result, which action is to your advantage, which is to your good? If you have ever been in that situation you know that there is no thought involved, no anticipation of the good feeling it will bring, only the thought of the danger that someone else faces and their need for help. And you spring to action with that vision of your own vulnerability fully in mind, and the acceptance of the consequences, whatever they will be. In reality it is a matter of putting yourself in the place of the other person. The act is not centered on us, but on the one who needs help.



We all know how small and limited we are, we see those shortcomings every day, but most of us give ourselves over to a larger vision of what we can be. That vision is beyond our desires and gratifications, it transcends our weaknesses and selfishness. We identify with that vision and create ourselves in its image. The act of living out that image is surely happiness, but it is much more than a quid pro quo of exchanging happiness for individual acts.



Helping others can be motivated by a variety of reasons including the happiness it brings us, but it involves just as much the expression of who we are. And, as a social species, humans, to varying degrees, are created with empathy whether we want it or not, whether it makes us happy or not. But the fact that some people are much more helpful and concerned about others should be a good indication that it isn't just about making us feel good.
Christopher F
2010-08-07 15:52:43 UTC
You're probably thinking of Max Stirner, one of the 19th century German social philosophers who serve as a bridge between Hegel and Marx.



Albert Camus, in The Rebel, charged that Stirner "attempted to justify crime (in this respect the terrorist forms of anarchy are directly descended from him) but is visibly intoxicated by the perspectives that he thus reveals."
spankage111
2010-08-07 06:51:35 UTC
Richard Dawkins' book "The selfish gene" explains this, so i'd assume him.


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